General: Células madre adipocíticas montadas en armazones de PRP

Adipose-derived stem cells incorporated into platelet-rich plasma improved bone regeneration and maturation in vivo
Ariadne Cristiane Cabral Cruz, Thiago Caon, Alvaro Menin, Rodrigo Granato, Fernanda Boabaid, Cláudia Maria Oliveira Simões
Dental Traumatology: 2014 October 21

BACKGROUND/AIM: Some cases of tooth loss related to dental trauma require bone-grafting procedures to improve the aesthetics before prosthetic rehabilitation or to enable the installation of dental implants. Bone regeneration is often a challenge and could be largely improved by mesenchymal stem cells therapy. However, the appropriate scaffold for these cells still a problem. This study evaluated the in vivo effect of human adipose-derived stem cells incorporated into autogenous platelet-rich plasma in bone regeneration and maturation.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Adipose-derived stem cells were isolated from lipoaspirate tissues and used at passage 4. Immunophenotyping and multilineage differentiation of cells were performed and mesenchymal stem cells characteristics confirmed. Bicortical bone defects (10 mm diameter) were created in the tibia of six beagle dogs to evaluate the effect of adipose-derived stem cells incorporated into platelet-rich plasma scaffolds, platelet-rich plasma alone, autogenous bone grafts, and clot. Samples were removed 6 weeks postsurgeries and analyzed by quantification of primary and secondary bone formation and granulation tissue.

RESULTS: Adipose-derived stem cells incorporated into platelet-rich plasma scaffolds promoted the highest bone formation (primary + secondary bone) (P < 0.001), the highest bone maturation (secondary bone) (P < 0.001), and the lowest amount of granulation tissue (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: Adipose-derived stem cells incorporated into platelet-rich plasma scaffolds promote more bone formation and maturation, and less granulation tissue in bone defects created in canine tibia. Therefore, platelet-rich plasma can be considered as a candidate scaffold for adipose-derived stem cells to promote bone regeneration.

Rodilla/Knee/Knie/Genou: ¿Un remedio milagroso para la rodilla lesionada?

Platelet Rich Plasma and Knee Surgery
Mikel Sánchez, Diego Delgado, Pello Sánchez, Nicolás Fiz, Juan Azofra, Gorka Orive, Eduardo Anitua, Sabino Padilla
Biomed Res Int. 2014; 2014: 890630.
Published online Sep 2, 2014

Abstract

In orthopaedic surgery and sports medicine, the knee joint has traditionally been considered the workhorse. The reconstruction of every damaged element in this joint is crucial in achieving the surgeon's goal to restore the knee function and prevent degeneration towards osteoarthritis. In the last fifteen years, the field of regenerative medicine is witnessing a boost of autologous blood-derived platelet rich plasma products (PRPs) application to effectively mimic and accelerate the tissue healing process. The scientific rationale behind PRPs is the delivery of growth factors, cytokines, and adhesive proteins present in platelets and plasma, as well as other biologically active proteins conveyed by the plasma such as fibrinogen, prothrombin, and fibronectin; with this biological engineering approach, new perspectives in knee surgery were opened. This work describes the use of PRP to construct and repair every single anatomical structure involved in knee surgery, detailing the process conducted in ligament, meniscal, and chondral surgery.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4167644/