Rodilla/Knee/Ginocchio: Más estudios apuntando al PRP para la gonartrosis inicial

Platelet-rich plasma vs hyaluronic acid to treat knee degenerative pathology: study design and preliminary results of a randomized controlled trial.

Filardo G, Kon E, Di Martino A, Di Matteo B, Merli ML, Cenacchi A, Fornasari PM, Marcacci M

BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2012.:229.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3532098/pdf/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Platelet rich plasma (PRP), a blood-derived product rich in growth factors, is a promising treatment for cartilage defects but there is still a lack of clinical evidence. The aim of this study is to show, through a randomized double blind prospective trial, the efficacy of this procedure, by comparing PRP to Hyaluronic Acid (HA) injections for the treatment of knee chondropathy or osteoarthritis (OA).

METHODS

109 patients (55 treated with HA and 54 with PRP) were treated and evaluated at 12 months of follow-up. The patients were enrolled according to the following inclusion criteria: age > 18 years, history of chronic (at least 4 months) pain or swelling of the knee and imaging findings of degenerative changes of the joint (Kellgren-Lawrence Score up to 3). A cycle of 3 weekly injections was administered blindly. All patients were prospectively evaluated before and at 2, 6, and 12 months after the treatment by: IKDC, EQ-VAS, TEGNER, and KOOS scores. Range of motion and knee circumference changes were measured over time. Adverse events and patient satisfaction were also recorded.

RESULTS

Only minor adverse events were detected in some patients, such as mild pain and effusion after the injections, in particular in the PRP group, where a significantly higher post-injective pain reaction was observed (p=0.039). At the follow-up evaluations, both groups presented a clinical improvement but the comparison between the two groups showed a not statistically significant difference in all scores evaluated. A trend favorable for the PRP group was only found in patients with low grade articular degeneration (Kellgren-Lawrence score up to 2).

CONCLUSIONS

Results suggest that PRP injections offer a significant clinical improvement up to one year of follow-up. However, conversely to what was shown by the current literature, for middle-aged patients with moderate signs of OA, PRP results were not better than those obtained with HA injections, and thus it should not be considered as first line treatment. More promising results are shown for its use in low grade degeneration, but they still have to be confirmed.

General: A la hora de usarlos, hay que sopesar que los preparados de PRP son heterogéneos

Characterization and comparison of 5 platelet-rich plasma preparations in a single-donor model.

Magalon J, Bausset O, Serratrice N, Giraudo L, Aboudou H, Veran J, Magalon G, Dignat-Georges F, Sabatier F.

Journal Arthroscopy. 2014 May;30(5):629-38

Abstract

PURPOSE: 

The purpose of this study was to compare the biological characteristics of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) obtained from 4 medical devices and a preparation developed in our laboratory using a single-donor model.

METHODS: 

Ten healthy persons donated blood that was processed to produce PRP by use of 4 commercial preparation systems and a protocol developed in our laboratory. Volumes and platelet, white blood cell (WBC), and red blood cell concentrations were recorded. The platelet activation status was assessed by flow cytometry. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor AB, epidermal growth factor, and transforming growth factor β1. We calculated platelet capture efficiency, relative composition, and increase factors from whole blood in platelets and WBC, as well as platelet and growth factor (GF) doses, provided from each preparation.

RESULTS: 

Leukocyte-rich PRP was obtained with RegenPRP (RegenLab, Le Mont-sur-Lausanne, Switzerland) and the Mini GPS III System (Biomet Biology, Warsaw, IN) and provides PRP with higher proportions of red blood cells, WBCs, and neutrophils than leukocyte-poor PRP obtained with the Selphyl System (Selphyl, Bethlehem, PA), Arthrex ACP (Arthrex, Naples, FL), and the preparation developed in our laboratory. The highest platelet and GF concentrations and doses were obtained with the Mini GPS III System and the preparation developed in our laboratory. Different centrifugation protocols did not show differences in the percentages of activated platelets. Finally, a positive correlation between platelet doses and all the GFs studied was found, whereas a positive correlation between WBC doses and GFs was found only for vascular endothelial growth factor and epidermal growth factor.

CONCLUSIONS: 

In a single-donor model, significant biological variations in PRP obtained from different preparation systems were highlighted. The observed differences suggest different results for treated tissue and could explain the large variability in the clinical benefit of PRP reported in the literature.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: 

Our findings will help clinicians to choose a system that meets their specific needs for a given indication.

General: PRP intratendinoso guiado por ultrasonidos en varias tendinopatías: dicen que funciona

Intratendinous Injection of Platelet-Rich Plasma under US Guidance to Treat Tendinopathy: A Long-Term Pilot Study.

Dallaudière B, Pesquer L, Meyer P, Silvestre A, Perozziello A, Peuchant A, Durieux MH, Loriaut P, Hummel V, Boyer P, Schouman-Claeys E, Serfaty JM

J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2014 Mar 20

Abstract

PURPOSE:

To assess the potential therapeutic effect of intratendinous injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) under ultrasound (US) guidance to treat tendon tears and tendinosis in a pilot study with long-term follow-up.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The study included 408 consecutive patients referred for treatment by PRP injection of tendinopathy in the upper (medial and lateral epicondylar tendons) and the lower (patellar, Achilles, hamstring and adductor longus, and peroneal tendons) limb who received a single intratendinous injection of PRP under US guidance. Clinical and US data were retrospectively collected for each anatomic compartment for upper and lower limbs before treatment (baseline) and 6 weeks after treatment. Late clinical data without US were collected until 32 months after the procedure (mean, 20.2 months). The McNemar test and regression model were used to compare clinical and US data.

RESULTS:

QuickDASH score, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score, and residual US size of lesions were significantly lower after intratendinous injection of PRP under US guidance at 6 weeks and during long-term follow-up compared with baseline (P < .001 in upper and lower limb) independent of age, gender, and type of tendinopathy (P > .29). No clinical complication was reported during follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS:

Intratendinous injection of PRP under US guidance appears to allow rapid tendon healing and is well tolerated.

General: al usar PRP, la carga de leucocitos y glóbulos rojos empeora la viabilidad de los sinoviocitos

The Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma Formulations and Blood Products on Human Synoviocytes: Implications for Intra-articular Injury and Therapy.

Braun HJ, Kim HJ, Chu CR, Dragoo JL.

Am J Sports Med. 2014 Mar 14

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on chondrocytes has been studied in cell and tissue culture, but considerably less attention has been given to the effect of PRP on synoviocytes. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) compose 80% of the normal human synovium and produce cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases that can mediate cartilage catabolism. 

PURPOSE: To compare the effects of leukocyte-rich PRP (LR-PRP), leukocyte-poor PRP (LP-PRP), red blood cell (RBC) concentrate, and platelet-poor plasma (PPP) on human FLS to determine whether leukocyte and erythrocyte concentrations of PRP formulations differentially affect the production of inflammatory mediators.

STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. 

METHODS: Peripheral blood was obtained from 4 donors and processed to create LR-PRP, LP-PRP, RBCs, and PPP. Human synoviocytes were cultured for 96 hours with the respective experimental conditions using standard laboratory conditions. Cell viability and inflammatory mediator production were then evaluated. 

RESULTS: Treatment with LR-PRP resulted in significantly greater synoviocyte death (4.9% ± 3.1%) compared with LP-PRP (0.72% ± 0.70%; P = .035), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (0.39% ± 0.27%; P = .018), and PPP (0.26% ± 0.30%; P = .013). Synoviocytes treated with RBC concentrate demonstrated significantly greater cell death (12.5% ± 6.9%) compared with PBS (P < .001), PPP (P < .001), LP-PRP (P < .001), and LR-PRP (4.9% ± 3.1%; P < .001). Interleukin (IL)-1β content was significantly higher in cultures treated with LR-PRP (1.53 ± 0.86 pg/mL) compared with those treated with PBS (0.22 ± 0.295 pg/mL; P < .001), PPP (0.11 ± 0.179 pg/mL; P < .001), and RBCs (0.64 ± 0.58 pg/mL; P = .001). IL-6 content was also higher with LR-PRP (32,097.82 ± 22,844.300 pg/mL) treatment in all other groups (P < .001). Tumor necrosis factor-α levels were greatest in LP-PRP (9.97 ± 3.110 pg/mL), and this was significantly greater compared with all other culture conditions (P < .001). Interferon-γ levels were greatest in RBCs (64.34 ± 22.987 pg/mL) and significantly greater than all other culture conditions (P < .001). 

CONCLUSION: Treatment of synovial cells with LR-PRP and RBCs resulted in significant cell death and proinflammatory mediator production. 

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Clinicians should consider using leukocyte-poor, RBC-free formulations of PRP when administering intra-articularly.

Rodilla/Knee: PRP para la rodilla del saltador

Are Multiple Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections Useful for Treatment of Chronic Patellar Tendinopathy in Athletes?: A Prospective Study.

Am J Sports Med. 2014 Feb 11. [Epub ahead of print]
Charousset C1, Zaoui A, Bellaiche L, Bouyer B.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:Chronic patellar tendinopathy (PT) is one of the most common overuse knee disorders. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) appears to be a reliable nonoperative therapy for chronic PT. 

PURPOSE:To evaluate clinical and radiological outcomes of 3 consecutive ultrasound (US)-guided PRP injections for the treatment of chronic PT in athletes. 

STUDY DESIGN:Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

METHODS:A total of 28 athletes (17 professional, 11 semiprofessional) with chronic PT refractory to nonoperative management were prospectively included for US-guided pure PRP injections into the site of the tendinopathy. The same treating physician at a single institution performed 3 consecutive injections 1 week apart, with the same PRP preparation used. All patients underwent clinical evaluation, including the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Patella (VISA-P) score, visual analog scales (VAS) for pain, and Lysholm knee scale before surgery and after return to practice sports. Tendon healing was assessed with MRI at 1 and 3 months after the procedure. 

RESULTS:The VISA-P, VAS, and Lysholm scores all significantly improved at the 2-year follow-up. The average preprocedure VISA-P, VAS, and Lysholm scores improved from 39 to 94 (P < .001), 7 to 0.8 (P < .0001), and 60 to 96 (P < .001), respectively, at the 2-year follow-up. Twenty-one of the 28 athletes returned to their presymptom sporting level at 3 months (range, 2-6 months) after the procedure. Follow-up MRI assessment showed improved structural integrity of the tendon at 3 months after the procedure and complete return to normal structural integrity of the tendon in 16 patients (57%). Seven patients did not recover their presymptom sporting level (among them, 6 were considered treatment failures): 3 patients returned to sport at a lesser level, 1 patient changed his sport activity (for other reasons), and 3 needed surgical intervention. 

CONCLUSION:In this study, application of 3 consecutive US-guided PRP injections significantly improved symptoms and function in athletes with chronic PT and allowed fast recovery to their presymptom sporting level. The PRP treatment permitted a return to a normal architecture of the tendon as assessed by MRI.